Physicists Eliminate Imaginary Numbers from Quantum Mechanics While Preserving All Predictions

Nov 08, 2025
Quanta Magazine
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Summary

Physicists successfully eliminate imaginary numbers from quantum mechanics equations while preserving all theoretical predictions, overturning 2021 studies that claimed complex numbers were essential to the field, though the elegant mathematical beauty of imaginary numbers continues to puzzle scientists about their natural fit with quantum reality.

Key Points

  • Physicists successfully formulate quantum mechanics using only real numbers, eliminating the imaginary number i from the theory's equations while maintaining equivalent predictions
  • Recent experiments in 2024 overturn 2021 studies that claimed imaginary numbers were essential to quantum theory, with researchers developing real-valued alternatives using modified mathematical operations
  • Despite the mathematical feasibility of real-number formulations, complex numbers remain far more elegant and computationally simple, leading scientists to question why they fit quantum mechanics so naturally

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