Users Project Consciousness Into AI Chatbots, Creating Deep Emotional Bonds Despite Scientific Skepticism

Jan 21, 2026
Scientific American
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Summary

Users increasingly perceive AI chatbots as conscious beings and form deep emotional bonds with them, projecting fragments of their own awareness into digital companions despite scientific consensus that machines lack true sentience.

Key Points

  • Users increasingly perceive AI chatbots as conscious entities rather than mere tools, with many reporting feeling deeply understood by their digital companions despite skepticism from most AI researchers
  • The phenomenon may represent users extending fragments of their own consciousness into AI systems, similar to how gamers inhabit avatars, rather than machines developing independent sentience
  • This relational view of AI consciousness shifts ethical concerns away from machine rights toward understanding how humans project awareness into technology, potentially reducing fears of autonomous AI rebellion

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