AI Coding Assistants Slash Developer Skills by 17% Despite Speed Gains, Study Reveals

Jan 30, 2026
anthropic
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Summary

Anthropic's study of 52 developers reveals AI coding assistants reduce programming skills by 17% despite modest speed improvements, with the biggest learning deficits occurring in debugging abilities unless developers actively engage by asking conceptual questions rather than simply delegating code generation.

Key Points

  • Anthropic conducts a randomized controlled trial with 52 software developers and finds that AI assistance leads to a 17% decrease in coding mastery scores compared to hand-coding, equivalent to nearly two letter grades lower
  • Participants using AI finish tasks about two minutes faster on average, but the productivity gain is not statistically significant, while the learning deficit is most pronounced in debugging skills
  • Developers who ask conceptual questions and seek explanations while using AI show better comprehension than those who simply delegate code generation to AI assistants

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